It's always great to hear about student research projects about children and young people in the UK and Japan. Below, an incoming UCL Anthropology student, Kohona Spence, explains her independent research project which she undertook as part of her Extended Project Qualification (EPQ). - Dr Emily Emmott
"My EPQ project explores the differences in perceptions, diagnoses, and treatments of autism in the UK and Japan, with a focus on how cultural, societal, and systemic factors influence these variations. A key aspect of the investigation is the distinction between the individualistic culture of the UK and the collectivist culture of Japan, as well as how these cultural norms shape attitudes toward autism. My research incorporates both primary data through questionnaires targeting parents and secondary data from historical and recent peer-reviewed sources.
In the UK, I have found that autism is more openly discussed, with better support systems and educational inclusion. Most children with autism attend mainstream schools, supported by special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) who create individualized plans for their development. Additionally, parents in the UK have access to a variety of support groups, reducing social isolation and contributing to a more positive perception of autism. Case studies of British parents and organisations supporting families with autistic children highlight the growing acceptance of neurodiversity and the shift away from seeing autism as a limitation.
In contrast, Japan still struggles with widespread stigma around autism, often rooted in a "culture of shame," as described by anthropologist Ruth Benedict in 1946. Japanese parents may feel judged or discriminated against due to misconceptions about autism, which can lead to feelings of social isolation. While there have been government efforts to improve autism support, the public discussion around the topic remains limited, and the one-size-fits-all approach to education and support has not been as effective as in the UK. This reluctance to address autism publicly is influenced by Japan's more homogenous and historically conservative society.
Ultimately, this research underscores the need for continued efforts in both countries to promote understanding and acceptance of autism, with the UK serving as a model of progress and Japan showing potential for cultural change."
Words by Kohana Spence
Interested in researching something similar? Current and prospective UCL students can contact Dr Emily Emmott.
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